Разница между фундаментальными типами данных и производными типами данных

In computer programming, data type is a classification that specifies to compiler or interpreter which type of data user is intending to use.
There are two types of data types –

1. Primitive/Fundamental data type : Each variable in C/C++ has an associated data type. Each data type requires different amounts of memory and has some specific operations which can be performed over it.
   Example of fundamental data types –
   

   C++

   // C++ program to illustrate array // derived data type #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;    // main method starts from here int main() {     // array of size 5     int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };        // indexing variable     int i;     for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)         cout << ("%d ", a[i]);     return 0; }

   Java

   // Java program to illustrate // primitive data types    class GFG {        public static void main(String[] args)     {         // Integer value         int a = 2;            // Float value         float b = 2.0f;            // Double value         double c = 2.0003;            // Character         char d = "D";            System.out.printf("Integer value is = %d", a);         System.out.printf(" Float value is = %f", b);         System.out.printf(" Double value is = %f", c);         System.out.printf(" Char value is = %c", d);     } }    // This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar

   Python

   # Python program to illustrate # primitive data types    # Integer value a = 2    # Float value b = 2.0    # Double value c = 2.0003    # Character d ="D" print("Integer value is = ", a); print(" Float value is = ", b); print(" Double value is = ", c); print(" Char value is = ", d);        # This code has been contributed by Code_Mech

   C#

   // C# program to illustrate // primitive data types using System;    class GFG {        public static void Main()     {         // Integer value         int a = 2;            // Float value         float b = 2.0f;            // Double value         double c = 2.0003;            // Character         char d = "D";            Console.WriteLine("Integer value is = " + a);         Console.WriteLine(" Float value is = " + b);         Console.WriteLine(" Double value is = " + c);         Console.WriteLine(" Char value is = " + d);     } }    // This code has been contributed by Code_Mech.

   PHP

   <?php // PHP program to illustrate  // primitive data types  {     // Integer value      $a = 2;         // Float value      $b = 2.0;         // Double value      $c = 2.0003;         // Character      $d = "D";         echo("Integer value is = ". $a);      echo(" Float value is = ". $b);      echo(" Double value is = ". $c);      echo(" Char value is = ". $d);  }       // This code has been contributed by Code_Mech.

   Output:

   Integer value is = 2
   Float value is = 2.000000
   Double value is = 2.000300
   Char value is = D
   

2. Derived data type : These data types are defined by user itself. Like, defining a class in C++ or a structure. These include Arrays, Structures, Class, Union, Enumeration, Pointers etc.
   Examples of derived data type :
   • Pointer :
     

     C++

     // C++ program to illustrate pointer // as derived data type #include <iostream> using namespace std;    // main method  int main() {     // integer variable     int variable = 10;        // Pointer for storing address     int* pointr;        // Assigning address of variable to pointer     pointr = &variable;     cout << "Value of variable = " <<  variable;        // cout << " Value at pointer = "<<  pointr;     cout << " Value at *pointer = "<< *pointr;     return 0; }    // This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10

     C

     // C program to illustrate pointer // as derived data type #include <stdio.h> // main method starts from here int main() {     // integer variable     int variable = 10;        // Pointer for storing address     int* pointr;        // Assigning address of variable to pointer     pointr = &variable;     printf("Value of variable = %d", variable);        // printf(" Value at pointer = %d", pointr);     printf(" Value at *pointer = %d", *pointr);     return 0; }

     Output:

     Value of variable = 10
     Value at *pointer = 10
     

   • Array :
     

     C++

     // C++ program to illustrate array // derived data type #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // main method starts from here int main() {     // array of size 5     int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };        // indexing variable     int i;     for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)         cout << ("%d ", a[i]);     return 0; }    // This code is contributed by Code_Mech.

     C

     // C program to illustrate array // derived data type #include <stdio.h> // main method starts from here int main() {     // array of size 5     int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };        // indexing variable     int i;     for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)         printf("%d  ", a[i]);     return 0; }

     Java

     // Java program to illustrate array // derived data type import java.util.*;    class GFG {        // Driver code     public static void main(String[] args)     {         // array of size 5         int a[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };            // indexing variable         int i;         for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)             System.out.printf("%d ", a[i]);     } }    /* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */

     Python3

     # Python3 program to illustrate array  # derived data type     # Driver code     # array of size 5  a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];     # indexing variable  for i in range(5):      print(a[i], end = " ");     # This code contributed by mits

     C#

     // C# program to illustrate array // derived data type using System;    class GFG {     // Driver code     public static void Main(String[] args)     {         // array of size 5         int[] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };            // indexing variable         int i;         for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)             Console.Write("{0} ", a[i]);     } }    // This code contributed by Rajput-Ji

     PHP

     <?php // PHP program to illustrate array  // derived data type     // Driver code     // array of size 5  $a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);     // indexing variable  for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++)      print($a[$i] . " ");     // This code contributed by mits ?>

     Output:

     1  2  3  4  5
     

   • Structures –
     

     C++

     // C++ program to illustrate structure // derived data type #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;    // structure struct structure_example  {     int integer;     float decimal;     char character[20]; };    // Main Method  int main() {     struct structure_example s = { 15, 98.9, "geeksforgeeks" };     cout << "Structure data -"<< endl;     cout << "integer = " << s.integer << endl;     cout << fixed<<setprecision(6)<< "decimal = " << s.decimal << endl;     cout << "name = " << s.character << endl;     return 0; }    // This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10

     C

     // C program to illustrate structure // derived data type #include <stdio.h> // structure struct structure_example {     int integer;     float decimal;     char character[20]; }; // main method starts from here void main() {     struct structure_example s = { 15, 98.9, "geeksforgeeks" };     printf("Structure data - integer = %d decimal =      %f name = %s", s.integer, s.decimal, s.character); }

     Output:

     Structure data - 
      integer = 15 
      decimal = 98.900002 
      name = geeksforgeeks