Перевод объектов в компьютерной графике
В компьютерной графике мы видели, как рисовать некоторые основные фигуры, такие как линии и круги. В этом посте мы обсудим основы важной операции в компьютерной графике, а также двухмерной геометрии - трансформации .
В компьютерной графике преобразование координат состоит из трех основных процессов:
- Перевод
- Вращение
- Масштабирование
В этом посте мы поговорим только о переводе.
Что такое перевод?
В процессе перевода каждая точка перемещается на постоянное расстояние в указанном направлении. Это можно описать как жесткое движение. Смещение также можно интерпретировать как добавление постоянного вектора к каждой точке или как сдвиг начала системы координат.
Предположим, если точка (X, Y) должна быть переведена на величину Dx и Dy в новое место (X ', Y'), то новые координаты могут быть получены путем добавления Dx к X и Dy к Y как:
Х '= Dx + X Y '= Dy + Y или P '= T + P, где P '= (X', Y '), Т = (Dx, Dy), P = (X, Y)
Здесь P (X, Y) - исходная точка. T (Dx, Dy) - коэффициент перевода , т. Е. Сумма, на которую будет переведен пункт. P '(X', Y ') - координаты точки P после перевода.
Примеры:
Input : P[] = {5, 6}, T = {1, 1}
Output : P"[] = {6, 7}
Input : P[] = {8, 6}, T = {-1, -1}
Output : P"[] = {7, 5}
Whenever we perform translation of any object we simply translate its each and every point. Some of basic objects along with their translation can be drawn as:
- Point Translation P(X, Y) : Here we only translate the x and y coordinates of given point as per given translation factor dx and dy respectively.
Below is the C++ program to translate a point:// C++ program for translation// of a single coordinate#include<bits/stdc++.h>#include<graphics.h>usingnamespacestd;// function to translate pointvoidtranslatePoint (intP[],intT[]){/* init graph and putpixel are used forrepresenting coordinates through graphicalfunctions*/intgd = DETECT, gm, errorcode;initgraph (&gd, &gm,"c:\tc\bgi");cout<<"Original Coordinates :"<<P[0]<<","<<P[1];putpixel (P[0], P[1], 1);// calculating translated coordinatesP[0] = P[0] + T[0];P[1] = P[1] + T[1];cout<<" Translated Coordinates :"<< P[0]<<","<< P[1];// Draw new coordinatsesputpixel (P[0], P[1], 3);closegraph();}// driver programintmain(){intP[2] = {5, 8};// coordinates of pointintT[] = {2, 1};// translation factortranslatePoint (P, T);return0;}Output:
Original Coordinates : 5, 8 Translated Coordinates : 7, 9
- Line Translation: The idea to translate a line is to translate both of the end points of the line by the given translation factor(dx, dy) and then draw a new line with inbuilt graphics function.
Below is the C++ implementation of above idea:// cpp program for translation// of a single line#include<bits/stdc++.h>#include<graphics.h>usingnamespacestd;// function to translate linevoidtranslateLine (intP[][2],intT[]){/* init graph and line() are used forrepresenting line through graphicalfunctions*/intgd = DETECT, gm, errorcode;initgraph (&gd, &gm,"c:\tc\bgi");// drawing original line using graphics functionssetcolor (2);line(P[0][0], P[0][1], P[1][0], P[1][1]);// calculating translated coordinatesP[0][0] = P[0][0] + T[0];P[0][1] = P[0][1] + T[1];P[1][0] = P[1][0] + T[0];P[1][1] = P[1][1] + T[1];// drawing translated line using graphics functionssetcolor(3);line(P[0][0], P[0][1], P[1][0], P[1][1]);closegraph();}// driver programintmain(){intP[2][2] = {5, 8, 12, 18};// coordinates of pointintT[] = {2, 1};// translation factortranslateLine (P, T);return0;}Output:
- Rectangle Translation : Here we translate the x and y coordinates of both given points A(top left ) and B(bottom right) as per given translation factor dx and dy respectively and then draw a rectangle with inbuilt graphics function
// C++ program for translation// of a rectangle#include<bits/stdc++.h>#include<graphics.h>usingnamespacestd;// function to translate rectanglevoidtranslateRectangle (intP[][2],intT[]){/* init graph and rectangle() are used forrepresenting rectangle through graphical functions */intgd = DETECT, gm, errorcode;initgraph (&gd, &gm,"c:\tc\bgi");setcolor (2);// rectangle (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax)// original rectanglerectangle (P[0][0], P[0][1], P[1][0], P[1][1]);// calculating translated coordinatesP[0][0] = P[0][0] + T[0];P[0][1] = P[0][1] + T[1];P[1][0] = P[1][0] + T[0];P[1][1] = P[1][1] + T[1];// translated rectangle (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax)// setcolor(3);rectangle (P[0][0], P[0][1], P[1][0], P[1][1]);// closegraph();}// driver programintmain(){// Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax as rectangle// coordinates of top left and bottom right pointsintP[2][2] = {5, 8, 12, 18};intT[] = {2, 1};// translation factortranslateRectangle (P, T);return0;}Output:
References : http://math.hws.edu/graphicsbook/.
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